Trumps higher tariff :

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There we know about "Trumps higher tariff"—this refers to a sweeping U.S. trade policy unveiled in 2025 under President Donald Trump, popularly known as the "Liberation Day" reciprocal tariffs.

 

What Are These “Higher Tariffs”?

On April 2, 2025, President Trump announced a major tariff policy via executive order, dubbed the “Liberation Day” tariffs. It featured a two-tier system:

1.     10% baseline tariff, applying to imports from most countries (except Canada and Mexico), effective April 5, 2025.

2.     Country-specific “reciprocal” tariffs, much higher, calibrated to penalize nations perceived to impose disproportionate trade barriers against the U.S.; these took effect April 9, 2025.

These specific, higher rates ranged up to 50%, depending on each country's trade practices and U.S. trade deficits, and were devised to mirror or deter what the administration deemed unfair trade behavior.

 

Bangladesh: A Case Study of Impact

·       Initial tariff announcement: Bangladesh was set to face a 37% tariff on its exports to the U.S., based on a claimed 74% barrier against American goods

·       Short-term mitigation: A 90-day pause reduced Bangladesh’s tariff down to the 10% baseline temporarily, giving space for possible negotiations

·       Updated rate: Later developments included a revised tariff of 35%, slated to take effect August 1, 2025—though this remained under discussion.

·       Sector-wide consequences: Bangladesh’s ready-made garment (RMG) industry—responsible for over 85% of its exports—stands to suffer massively from the tariff hike, potentially leading to lost orders, declining revenues, and significant job losses. Exports to the U.S. could fall from $8.4B to around $5.2B, with a loss of over a million jobs in RMG alone

Summary: What You Should Know

Element	Details
Policy	“Liberation Day” reciprocal tariffs—10% baseline + higher country-specific rates
Implementation	Baseline from April 5, 2025; higher tariffs from April 9, 2025
Targeted Nations	~60 countries, including Bangladesh
Bangladesh Tariff	Initially 37%, paused at 10%, then revised to 35% (effective Aug 1, 2025)
Economic Impact	Major risk to RMG sector, jobs, and export revenue

Here’s what the latest credible sources reveal about the full spectrum of “Liberation Day” reciprocal tariffs announced by President Trump:

 

Overview of Tariffs by Country

Countries with Elevated "Reciprocal" Tariffs (above the 10% baseline, effective from April 9, 2025)

Key nations and their new U.S. tariff rates include:

·       China: +34%, on top of an existing 20% tariff, resulting in a total of ~54%

·       Cambodia: 49%

·       Laos: 48%

·       Vietnam: 46%

·       Sri Lanka: 44%

·       Bangladesh: 37%

·       Thailand: 36%

·       Taiwan: 32%

·       Indonesia: 32%

·       Switzerland: 31%

·       South Africa: 30%

·       Pakistan: 29%

·       India: 26%

·       South Korea: 25%

·       Japan: 24%

·       European Union (bloc-wide): 20%

·       Israel: 17%

This list is indicative but not exhaustive—over 60 countries received customized higher tariffs, as captured in a comprehensive annex.

 

Countries Facing Only the 10% "Baseline" Tariff (effective April 5, 2025)

Some countries were assigned only the standard tariff, including but not limited to:

·       United Kingdom

·       Australia

·       New Zealand

·       Singapore

·       Brazil

·       Turkey

·       United Arab Emirates

·       Saudi Arabia

·       Chile

·       Argentina

·       Colombia

·       El Salvador

·       Ukraine

These generally apply to countries considered less antagonistic in trade relations or those not imposing high barriers on U.S. goods.

 

Exemptions & Special Cases

·       Canada and Mexico: Exempt from these new tariffs under USMCA, but still subject to separate existing tariffs (25%) on many goods.

·       Russia, Cuba, Belarus, North Korea: Not included in the list due to existing sanctions or already heavy tariffs.

 

Full Listing of Country-Specific Tariffs (Sample Highlights from Annex)

·       Afghanistan: 10%

·       Albania, Andorra, Antigua & Barbuda, Armenia, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan: 10%

·       Algeria: 30%

·       Angola: 32%

·       Brunei: 24%

·       Bangladesh: 37%

·       Bosnia & Herzegovina: 36%

·       Botswana: 38%

·       Cambodia: 49%

·       Cameroon: 12%

·       Chad: 13%

·       Côte d’Ivoire: 21%

·       DR Congo: 11%

·       Equatorial Guinea: 13%

·       Guyana: 38%

·       Iraq: 39%

·       Jordan: 20%

·       Kazakhstan: 27%

·       Lesotho: 50% (highest rate globally)

·       Libya: 31%

·       Madagascar: 47%

·       Malaysia: 24%

·       Mauritius: 40%

·       Moldova: 31%

·       Mozambique: 16%

·       Myanmar: 45%

·       Namibia: 21%

·       Nauru: 30%

·       Nicaragua: 19%

·       Nigeria: 14%

·       North Macedonia: 33%

·       Norway: 16%

·       Pakistan: 30%

·       Philippines: 18%

·       Serbia: 38%

·       Sri Lanka: 44%

·       Syria: 41%

·       Thailand: 37%

·       Tunisia: 28%

·       Vanuatu: 23%

·       Venezuela: 15%

·       Zambia: 17%

·       Zimbabwe: 18%

 

Summary Table (By Region)

Region	Examples of Higher Tariffs	Baseline-Only Examples
Asia-Pacific	China (34% + 20%), Vietnam (46%), Bangladesh (37%)	Australia, Singapore (10%)
Europe	EU (20%), Switzerland (31%), Bosnia (36%)	UK (10%), Turkey (10%)
Americas	Lesotho (50%), Mauritius (40%), Brazil (10%)	Argentina, Chile (10%)
Africa / Middle East	Sierra Leone (10%), South Africa (30%), Syria (41%)	Many with 10% baseline

 

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